The reusability revolution
SpaceX has now flown Falcon 9 first stages 20+ times each; Starship targets full and rapid reuse at Saturn-V scale. Cost-to-LEO has fallen from ~$54,500/kg in the Shuttle era to under $1,500/kg today, and could reach $100/kg with fully reusable super-heavy vehicles. Every downstream pillar depends on this curve continuing.